Overvoltage protection limits or withstands supply-voltage events that could damage a lamp’s electronics. It is especially important on vehicle electrical systems, where transients may occur. Protection level and test method are product-specific and should be verified in the applicable technical data or standard. Possible events include charging-system faults, switching transients, and load-dump pulses. Protection may use suppression components, control circuits, shutdown functions, or a combination of methods. An input-voltage range should not be mistaken for transient immunity: the duration, waveform, energy, polarity, and test standard determine what the stated protection actually covers.